Karman line and its importance

Karman line is the line that separates aeronautics and astronautics or aircrafts and spacecrafts. It is an attempt to define a boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space. Karman line is an altitude of 100 km or 62 miles or 330k feet from Earth's mean sea level. The line is named after Theodore Von Karman(1881-1963), a Hungarian American Physicist and Engineer. What is the importance of Karman line? Let us see.

Firstly, although the 100 km mark is not completely acceptable world wide. But the Karman line defines the boundary upto which a country can claim it to be their airspace and beyond which it is free space. This is important because some Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites orbit as low as 160 km from Earth's surface. Such low orbit provide many benefits specially in communication. Having a defined free space will ensure that the LEO satellites are not accused of breaching any country's airspace.

Secondly, it also defines the altitude boundary, which when crossed the pilot of the vehicle is known as astronaut. To be precise it define the boundary between aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. A clear definition is important here. At the Karman line the orbital velocity is obtained majorly because of centrifugal force when compared to aerodynamic lift.

Thirdly, many other planets and natural satellites also have atmosphere. Karman line is also defined for them. This give us an understanding as to where we could expect drag on re entry. Although not completely accurate but it gives a rough estimate. Like for example the Karman line of Mars is 80 km and that of Venus is 250 km. This also give us an idea of the density and pressure of the atmosphere on these planets and natural satellites.

Fourthly, the term 'edge of space' is often used. When an aircraft or balloon has reached the edge of space, what it means is the aeronautical vehicle has gone far beyond a conventional aircraft would have gone in terms of altitude.

Fifthly, another interesting thing is the blue sky that we see during day time is due to the atmosphere scattering of the blue wavelength of visible light more than other wavelengths, so the sky appears blue in colour. But after Karman line the atmosphere becomes thin and the space appears black, as it is.

So we can see that Karman line is not just a term but it hold significance from international jurisdictions to scientific phenomenon.

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